A DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scan, commonly referred to as a DEXA scan, is the gold standard for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). If your doctor has recommended this test, understanding your results can empower you to take proactive steps toward better bone health.
What Does a DEXA Scan Measure?
The DEXA scan measures the density of your bones — specifically, how many grams of calcium and other bone minerals are packed into each square centimeter of bone. It is most commonly performed on the hip and spine, as these are the areas most vulnerable to osteoporotic fractures.
Understanding Your T-Score
Your T-score compares your bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same sex at peak bone mass:
- T-score of -1.0 or above: Normal bone density
- T-score between -1.0 and -2.5: Low bone mass (osteopenia)
- T-score of -2.5 or below: Osteoporosis
Understanding Your Z-Score
Your Z-score compares your bone density to others of the same age, sex, and body size. A Z-score below -2.0 may indicate something other than normal aging is contributing to bone loss, warranting further investigation.
What to Do With Your Results
Regardless of your results, there are actionable steps you can take. If you have osteopenia or osteoporosis, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, weight-bearing exercise, and in some cases, medication.
Early detection is key. If you are over 50 or have risk factors for osteoporosis, speak with your healthcare provider about scheduling a DEXA scan.